1. Daaweynta Biyaha wasakhda ee Warshadaha Birta
Astaamaha:Waxa ku jira xaddi sare oo ah adkaha la hakiyey (xaraaga birta, budada birta), ayoonnada birta culus (zinc, rasaas, iwm.), iyo walxaha kolloidalka ah.
Habka daawaynta:PAC waxaa lagu daraa (qiyaas: 0.5-1.5 ‰) si ay si degdeg ah u sameeyaan flocs iyada oo loo marayo adsorption iyo isku xidhka saamaynta, oo ay la socdaan taangiyada sedimentation ee kala-soocidda-dareere adag, yaraynta wasakhda wasakh ah in ka badan 85%.
Waxtarka:Ka saarista birta culus ee ion waxay dhaaftay 70%, iyadoo biyaha wasakhda ah ee la daweeyay ay buuxisay heerarka sii daynta.
2. Midabaynta biyaha wasakhda ah
Astaamaha:chromaticity sare (hadhaaga dheeha), COD sare (baahida oksijiinta kiimikada), iyo isbeddellada pH ee muhiimka ah.
Habka daawaynta:PACwaxaa loo isticmaalaa iyadoo lala kaashanayo hagaajinta pH (qiyaas: 0.8-1.2‰), samaynta Al(OH) Marka lagu daro sabbeynta hawada, geeddi-socodku wuxuu gaarayaa 90% heerka saarista midabka.
3. Kahortagista Biyaha Washinka Kiimikada Polyester
Astaamaha:COD aad u sarreeya (ilaa 30,000 mg/L, oo ka kooban organics macromoleculars sida terephthalic acid iyo ethylene glycol esters).
Habka daawaynta:Inta lagu jiro xinjirowga dhiigga,PAC(qiyaas: 0.3-0.5 ‰) waxay ka takhalustaa kharashyada kolloidalka, halka polyacrylamide (PAM) ay kor u qaadayso qulqulka, iyada oo la gaadhay hoos u dhaca COD ee bilowga ah 40%.
Waxtarka:Waxay abuurtaa xaalado wanaagsan oo ku xiga birta-kaarboon micro-electrolysis iyo UASB daawaynta anaerobic.
4. Daawaynta Biyaha Kiimikada ah ee Maalinlaha ah
Astaamaha:Waxa ku jira xaddi sare oo ah surfactants, saliid, iyo isbedbeddelka tayada biyaha aan degganayn.
Habka daawaynta:PAC(qiyaas: 0.2-0.4 ‰) waxaa lagu daraa xinjirowga-sedimentation si looga saaro adkaha la hakiyay, yaraynta culeyska daaweynta bayoolojiga iyo hoos u dhigista COD ee 11,000 mg / L ilaa 2,500 mg / L.
5. Nadiifinta biyaha wasakhda ee dhalooyinka
Astaamaha:alkaline aad u sarreeya (pH> 10), oo ay ku jiraan walxo shiida dhalada iyo wasakhowga noolaha oo liidata.
Habka Daawaynta:Polymeric aluminium ferric chloride (PAFC) ayaa lagu daraa si loo baabi'iyo alkalinity, taasoo lagu gaaro in ka badan 90% ka saarista adag ee la hakiyey. Wasakhda wasakhaysan waa ≤5 NTU, iyada oo hubinaysa in hawlgal xasiloon ee hababka ultrafiltration ee xiga.
6. Daawaynta Biyaha Wasaha Warshadaha-Fluoride-sare
Astaamaha:Semiconductor/etching warshadaha biyaha wasakhda ah oo ay ku jiraan fluoride (fiirsashada> 10 mg/L).
Habka daawaynta:PACla falgala F⁻ iyada oo loo sii marayo Al³⁺ si loo sameeyo AlF₃ roobka, hoos u dhigista fiirsashada fluoride laga bilaabo 14.6 mg/L ilaa 0.4-1.0 mg/L (kulanka heerarka biyaha la cabbo).
Waqtiga boostada: Meey-15-2025